Cities, nigeria, urbanization, urban health, villes, nigeria. The incidence of slums in urban areas nationwide cannot be understated. As cited by16, 75% of the dwelling units in urban centres in nigeria are substandard and the dwellings sited in slums. The main objective of the study which focused on urban slums in aba south local government area of abia state was to examine slum development and its effects in the study area.
Urban slums as spatial manifestations of urbanization in. Findings reveal that slum dwellers in these four cities live in subhuman conditions substandard dwelling units and protracted lack of community amenities and. Urbanization and meeting the need for affordable housing. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and factors associated with selfmedication among people living in urban slums of sokoto metropolis. With particular reference to nigeria, studies have shown that many urban centres have been experiencing rapid and continuous growth over the years, as people tend to migrate from rural areas to urban centres in order to better their living conditions. Urbanization, urban poverty, slum and sustainable urban. Housing deficit, urban migration and slum development in.
Urban are undoubtedly central to the changes in any centres society that lead to socioeconomic advancement and urban development. It focuses on ajegunle slums in lagos, finally the paper concludes by suggesting recommendations that will also help to provide adequate shelter for the urban poor and urban homeless people in lagos. We investigated the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Slum housing conditions and eradication practices in.
Using the who stepwise approach to surveillance of noncommunicable diseases, we estimated the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes among adults 20 years and older living in two urban slums in enugu south east nigeria. Nigeria with its attendant negative implication on the urban landscape is one. The united nations human settlements programme unhabitat defines a slum settlement as a household that cannot provide one of the following. Taking into consideration the trend of urban development in recent times, the ineluctable evidence of slum formation can be seen as a resulting effect of urbanization in developing countries such as nigeria. Nigeria has experienced a phenomenal growth in population and urbanization, but its experience has also been unique in scale, in pervasiveness, and in. The whole map of nigeria is covered by the red colour on the global map and the red colour ranges between 70% and 80% of urban population living in slums. A sizeable proportion of this figure is in subsaharan africa, with nigeria having the largest number. A slum is usually a highly populated urban residential area consisting mostly of closely packed. This is the ifakoijaiye report and it constitutes a general background, a synthesis of the six themes. Ademolas 2002 study was on the urban art aesthetics of nigeria. The rise of urban slum in nigeria african journals online.
Urban slum dwellers are not only prone to develop communicable diseases but also to noncommunicable disease ncds. This study was carried out in aguabor and ugbodogwu, two slums in enugu, the capital of enugu state, south east nigeria. Pdf national urban development policy and the unanswered. Urbanization is an ongoing trend in developed and developing countries.
For many people in such circumstances, slum living is an unavoidable reality. Vulnerability of poor urban coastal communities to climate change in lagos, nigeria fifth urban research symposium 2009 6 other information analyzed related to the physical characteristics of study areas and include percent of wetlands and flood prone areas, sub. Similarly, some of the slums of lagos, nigeria sprouted because of neglect and policies. The study examines the physical conditions in makoko, an urban slum in lagos, nigeria. The challenges of meeting millennium development goal 7 in metropolitan lagos, nigeria tunde agbola elijah m. Generally, slums in the traditional sense includes housing areas that were. While ruralurban migration has slowed in many parts of. Many nigerians cannot avail the health care services they need with those in the urban slums being the worst hit. Geographical information system gis and remote sensing rs technologies were used, in a post. Lagos state in southwestern nigeria has a population of about 20 million out of a national estimate of 180 million. Many of the urban environmental problems are also associated with the existence of slums in these urban areas. The rapid urban growth which nigeria has experienced is well manifested in lagos, the major parts of which are the product of modern economic. Survey of hypertension, diabetes and obesity in three.
Selfmedication is the selection and use of medicines by individuals to treat selfrecognized illness or symptoms and has been on the increase as a result of poverty, ignorance, low educational status among others. Metropolitan lagos and challenges of rural urban migration. Lagos is an urban complex that embodies tremendous contrasts. Urban slum characteristics in the niger delta region of nigeria.
Department of urban and regional planning, university of ibadan, nigeria. Pdf survey of hypertension, diabetes and obesity in. Vulnerability of poor urban coastal communities to. Pdf the proliferation of slums in developing countries of particularly africa and asia is not a novel phenomenon. Moreover, the locus of global poverty is moving to the. Psup in nigeria encompasses profiles for ifakoijaiye, karu and onitsha, each published as a separate report. Urban planning in nigeria and the problem of slums liverpool. According to ikegbunam 5 crime is endemic in slum areas for obvious reasons. When women and girls can control their own destinies by choosing the number and spacing of. The impacts on, and vulnerability of, residents of selected poor urban communities along the coast of lagos as a result of the increasing risks of floods arising from climate. Barriers to effective immunization in urban slums of warri. The extent and magnitude of ncds among slum dwellers is largely unknown in nigeria.
Implications of good urban design for sustainable development the results of studies carried out by olokesusi 1994, anozie 1994 and fadamiro 2000 on lagos, imo and ondo states examining the negative effects of unplanned urbanization on the urban environment, emphasized that the rapid growth of urban centers in nigeria generated management. This is also the case in cities in nigeria, where the growth rate of the urban population is faster than economic growth and increasingly outpaces the ability of the countrys health and social services to provide appropriate and necessary care. In order to formulate appropriate local policies for intervention, it is important to know the patterns of morbidity and mortality in children in the local setting. The impact of climate change on urban slums in nigeria exacerbated by poor land tenure characteristics, little or no building regulation, and lack of housing finance, housing quality is low and. With a land area close to 1 million square kilometers and a popula tion of well over 125 million, nigeria had 43.
Nigerias urban slums and health problems vanguard news. Agunbiade department of urban and regional planning, university of ibadan, nigeria abstract this study used a case study methodology to examine the issue of land tenure in the. Governance, slums and shelter, gender, environment, basic urban services, local economic development, and heritage. The inadequacy of the quality of most urban housing stems mainly from the poor physical state of the. Laurent fourchard ifra, university of ibadan, nigeria, simon fraser graphic design. Goats and soda in nigeria, government has warned that it will demolish shanties on prime waterfront property. The prevalence of stroke survivors in urban slums in enugu. The prevalence of slums is highest in subsaharan africa, low or stagnant growth. However, there has been an inadequacy of the necessary infrastructures. Almost 1 billion people, or 32 per cent of the worlds urban population, live in slums, the majority of them in the developing world. These slums have continued to prevail in urban centres experiencing increasinglevels of urbanization, urbanization which is fraught with incommensurate socioeconomic, technological and infrastructural. Infant and child mortality are important indicators of the level of development of a society, but are usually collected by governmental agencies on a region wide scale, with little local stratification. Reaching urban women and girls, particularly those living in slums, with family planning solutions is essential. Among early studies on urban land use in nigeria are the works of falade and kaigama 1992 who evaluated the urban landscape improvement strategy in yola, nigeria.
Here you will find many structures built on stilts above lagos lagoon. This crosssectional survey polled 2,434 respondents from ijora oloye, ajegunle and makoko, three urban slums in lagos metropolis, southwestern nigeria between june 2010 and october 2012. The study aims at finding the prevalence of stroke in two urban slums in south east nigeria. Psychosocial health of adolescent living in urban slum nigeria. Over 1 billion people currently live in slums, with the number of slum dwellers only expected to grow in the coming decades. The researchers investigated the contribution of the yola landscape task force yltf to the improvement of yola. A slum is usually a highly populated urban residential area consisting mostly of closely packed, decrepit housing units in a situation of deteriorated or incomplete infrastructure, inhabited primarily by impoverished persons. One of the greatest changes that have occurred in the last century in developing countries is the urban growths which have produced more slums in our cities. Methods data for the study were extracted from a cross sectional survey among 220 young adults age1519 selected in equal proportion from one of the urban slum area of agege local government area of lagos state, nigeria. Slum dwellers in lagos, africas biggest megacity, are now living in canoes. In the parlance of reality, the astronomical trajectory of urban slums over the years in.
Slum prevalence in nigeria the proliferation of slums in nigeria has been over the years a matter of great concern. Warri and her environ in delta state of nigeria provide examples of a rapidly growing urban complex characterized by many slum communities which are. Prevalence and factors associated with self medication. Quality of health care in the urban slum is sometimes worse than what obtains in some rural areas. One of the disturbing features of rapid urbanization in nigeria has. Even more particularly worrisome is the exacerbation of environmental problems that is associated with this. The inadequacy of the quality of most urban housing stems mainly from the poor. Africas urban population has been growing at a very high. The rapid urban growth which nigeria has experienced is well manifested in lagos, the major parts of. Access to health care is a major public health challenge, especially in developing countries. In nigeria, these solutions are part of the nigeria urban reproductive health. Hence, urban slums have special problems that warrant the development of strategies designed specifically for them 9, 10. Slum areas in nigeria are faced with increase in disease infection, discomfort, crime and insecurity due to the absence of planning.
Spatially, the urban divide in africa is reflected in the high incidence of slums and informal settlements. Again, according to unhabitat, around 33% of the urban population in the. Survey of hypertension, diabetes and obesity in three nigerian urban slums article pdf available in iranian journal of public health 429. It is one of the oldest slums in nigeria and was originally a fishing village settlement. Some laws need to be amended to change the status of poor urban settlements. The vast majority of slums are located in and around urban centres in the less economically developed countries, which are also experiencing greater rates of urbanization compared with more developed countries. The site is a major informal settlement, often described as jungle city with a multiethnic population. Diabetes and prediabetes among adults in an urban slum in. Urban slums are settlements, neighborhoods, or city regions that cannot provide the basic living conditions necessary for its inhabitants, or slum dwellers, to live in a safe and healthy environment. The major factors as discovered, contributing to slum development in the area include ruralurban migration. A study of aba south local government area of abia state proceedings of the ires international conference, abuja, nigeria, 22nd june 2016, isbn. Prevalence of hypertension among urban slum dwellers in. As the former national capital and the major port of the largest country in africa, it is a powerful magnet for migrants from all over nigeria. A total of 964 adults aged 2081 years male 330 and female 634 residing in the urban slum of ajegunle in lagos state, nigeria were studied to determine the prevalence of.
The huge difference and ever widening gap between the rich and the poor is of worrying concern to all environmentalists alike today. Security and safety planning in slum areas of jimeta. The inadequacy of the quality of most urban housing stems mainly from the poor physical state of the buildings. Urbanization, urban poverty and slum are often connected, and posed major.
Explaining the prevalence of slums in african countries abstract one of the most enduring physical manifestations of social exclusion in african cities is the proliferation of slums and informal settlements. The prevalence of slums is highest in subsaharan africa, wwhere slum dwellers represent 62 percent of the urban population unhabitat here slum dwellers represent 62 percent of the urban population unhabitat of slums. National urban development policy and the unanswered development question of slum in nigeria. Nigeria ranks 10th among 22 high tb burden countries with low tb case detection that relies on passive case finding. According to unhabitat, over 880 million people live in urban slums globally. Although there is increasing body of evidence that active case finding acf has improved tb case finding in urban slums in some parts of the world, this strategy had not been implemented in nigeria despite the pervasiveness of urban slums in the country. Although slums, especially in america, are located in urban areas, in other countries, like europe, they can be located especially in suburban areas and such.
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